Systems
Computer Systems
© Every functioning computer is a system, that is, it is a complex entity, consisting of an organized set of interconnected
components or factors that function together as a unit to accomplish results that one part alone could not.
Information Systems
¨ It is the collection and integration of various pieces of hardware and software and the human resources that meet the data
collection, storage, processing and report generation needs of an organization.
¨ Types of Information System
a. Management Information Systems
b. Bibliographic Retrieval Systems
c. Stand-along, Dedicated, and Turnkey Systems
d. Transaction Systems
e. Physiologic Monitoring Systems
f. Decision Support System
g. Expert Systems
h. Artificial Intelligence System
i. Natural Language System
Management Information Systems
♣ An organized system for managing the flow of information in an organization in a timely manner.
♣ Its primary use assisting in the decision-making processes.
♣ Supports strategic planning, management control and operation support.
Bibliographic Retrieval Systems
♣ Is a retrieval system that generally refers to bibliographic data, document information, or literature.
♣ It is primarily used to store and retrieve data and not to conduct any computations per se.
♣ Is designed to provide bibliographic data on journal articles, books, monographs and textual reports.
Stand-alone, Dedicated, and Turnkey Systems
♣ Special purpose system.
♣ Is developed for a single application or set of functions.
Transactions Systems
♣ Itis used to process predefined transactions and produce predefined reports.
♣ Designed for repeated operations using a fixed list.
♣ Designed to process routine medical or nursing orders and permit clinicians to update the orders in real time.
Physiologic Monitoring Systems
♣ It is used to measure and monitor continuous automatic physiologic findings such as heart rate, BP, and other vital
signs.
♣ Monitoring systems provide alarms to detect significant abnormal findings.
♣ Oscilloscope –an electric device that senses electric impulses and converts them to a waveform on a monitor
screen.
Decision Support Systems
♣ It help users reach a decision when a decision-making situation arises.
Expert Systems
♣ It is an information system that captures and stores the knowledge of human experts and then imitates human
reasoning and decision making processes for those who have less expertise.
♣ Expert systems are composed of two main components:
§ A knowledge base is the combined subject knowledge and experiences of the human experts.
§ The inference rules are a set of logical judgments applied to the knowledge base each time a user describes
a situation to the expert system.
Artificial Intelligence Systems
♣ AI is a system that attempts to model human reasoning processes.
♣ It can sense your actions and, based on logical assumptions and prior experience, will take the appropriate action to
complete the task.
Natural Language Systems
♣ It is a system that can understand and process commands given in the user’s own natural, spoken language.
Hospital Information Systems
¨ a.k.a. Medical Information System (MIS) or Patient Care System (PCS)
¨ It provides support for a wide variety of both administrative and clinical functions.
¨ Purpose: manage information needed to facilitate daily hospital operations by all health care personnel.
H.I.S. CONFIGURATIONS
ü The most common configuration use a mainframe computer with hardwired terminals. Users are able to work
directly with the mainframe through an interactive interface and real time processing. And increasingly popular,
configuration employs a local area network.
PROGRAM MODULES
ü SEMICLINICAL MODULES
Ø Admissions, discharge, and transfer (ADT) Module
Ø Order-entry-results reporting (OE) Module
ü CLINICAL SUPPORT MODULES
Ø Charting Systems
Ø Point-of-Service Systems
Ø Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Radiology Modules
Network Systems
© set of interconnected computers that through the hardware and software technology, work cooperatively for the
purpose of information and application program interchange
© central concept of network science is cooperation
©
NETWORK FUNCTIONS
1. File transfer
2. Information availability
3. Resource sharing
4. Online transactions
5. Provision of a powerful communication medium among widely separated employees who may use different
6. Interactive environment
7. Education and entertainment
8. Email
Local Area Network (LAN)
q A data network intended to serve a single building or a group of buildings in close proximity to each other.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
q The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves.
q Widest WAN: INTERNET
